Island of hawaii as possible and to integrate these efforts with a biological control program. Miconia calvescens is a woody invasive shrubby tree capable of reaching 15m in height. Control methods control methods for miconia provides simple to follow steps on how to stop the miconia invasion on the island of hawaii. The serious threat and invasion of miconia calvescens into the hawaiian ecosystem gagne et al. Psyllidae has been proposed as a candidate biological control agent for miconia calvescens melastomataceae, a neotropical tree regarded as one of the worst threats to the rainforest ecosystems of several paci. It is native to mexico and central and south america and it has become one of the worlds most invasive species.
Economic lessons from control efforts for an invasive species. Miconia calvescens is a highly invasive shrub in tropical oceanic island ecosystems and the fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. Native range south america description velvet tree is an evergreen tree that grows to about 50 feet in height when mature. Euselasia chrysippe as a potential biocontrol for miconia. Biological control of miconia calvescens with a suite of insect. Ecology, host specificity and impact of atomacera petroa on miconia calvescens the potential of the sawfly atomacera petroa hymenoptera. Survey for potential biological control agents for. Currently, miconia in hawaii is treated through aerial and manual. The probability of biotic interference in hawaii was considered moderate.
Queensland has 3 species of miconia, all of which pose a significant threat to local rainforests. More than 60 species of arthropods were found associated with miconia calvescens at two brazilian sites in a oneyear survey for potential biological control agents within the weeds native range in minas gerais, brazil. Melastomataceae is an invasive tree considered one of the greatest threats to natural ecosystems of hawaii and other pacific islands. Miconia calvescens has also been found at nurseries in northern new south wales. In addition to ecological advantages, biocontrol is often regarded as less costly than traditional methods despite the large initial investment. Tremendous efforts have been made in the hawaiian islands to control miconia calvescens. Manual eradication of juvenile trees and seedlings. Biological control potential of miconia calvescens using three fungal pathogens killgore, eloise m. Miconia calvescens melastomataceae hear species info. A biological control approach was recognized at this early stage of the m. The introduced plant miconia calvescens melastomataceae poses a grave threat to hawaiis native ecosystems and biodiversity. Hedychium gardnerianum, miconia calvescens, myrica faya, passitlora mollissima, psidium.
Finally, prevention of invasion, as for diseases, is often the only. Lepidopterans as potential agents for the biological control of the invasive plant, miconia calvescens. An economic assessment of biological control for miconia calvescens in hawaii, working papers 201007, university of hawaii economic research organization, university of hawaii at manoa. An economic assessment of biological control for miconia. One potential candidate for classical biological control is cryptorhynchus melastomae coleoptera. Its large up to 3 feet long, attractive leaves are dark green above and purple underneath, with three distinct veins that run roughly parallel from the base to the tip of the leaf. Crambidae, a potential biological control agent of. Strategy to control the invasive alien tree miconia calvescens. Prospective biological control of miconia calvescens in. We evaluated an isolate of colletotrichum gloeosporioides that causes leaf spots on miconia spp. Biological control potential of miconia calvescens using three fungal pathogens. Martins2f 1embrapa roraima brazilian agricultural research corporations, boa vista, roraima, brazil.
Pdf biological control of miconia calvescens by phytophagous. Biology, herbivory, and host specificity of antiblemma. Biological control of miconia calvescens with a suite of. The search for biological control of miconia calvescens. Biological control is considered a critical tool for long term management of miconia calvescens, a neotropical tree that is a major threat to hawaiian forest ecosystems. Keywords biological invasions, invasive species, issrs, genetic diversity, miconia calvescens, microsatellites. Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on biological control of weeds. Eight species of lepidoptera were found attacking m. Roumasset the optimal size and location of an invasive species population depend upon spatially. Miconia calvescens dc melastomataceae is an invasive tree considered to be the greatest threat to natural ecosystems of hawaii and other paci. Riodinidae, a potential biological control agent of miconia calvescens melastomataceae in hawaii. Miconia calvescens on oahu, hawaii volume 39 issue s1 kimberly m. Miconia calvescens on oahu island miconia calvescens was first introduced to the hawaiian islands in 1961 by the noted botanist and horticulturist joseph f. Miconia calvescens management plan for the big island 27 november 2000.
A potential classical biological control agent for weedy melastomataceae a. Survival patterns under costa rican field conditions of. The recovery of the native and endemic flora after the introduction of a fungal pathogen to control the invasive tree miconia calvescens in tahiti french polynesia biological control for nature, 0307 oct. Miconia calvescens, the velvet tree, miconia, or bush currant, is a species of flowering plant in the family melastomataceae. Biology and host preferences of cryptorhynchus melastomae. The leaves are opposite, elliptic to obovate, usually 60 to 70 cm long sometimes up to one meter long. Fungal pathogens of miconia calvescens melastomataceae. Status, ecology, and management of the invasive plant, miconia calvescens dc melastomataceae in the hawaiian islands. Euselasia chrysippe as a potential biocontrol for miconia calvescens in hawai. Prospective biological control in hawaii proceedings of the first regional conference on miconia control august 2629, 1997 68 fig. Miconia is a restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014.
A potential classical biological control agent for weedy melastomataceae. Host range tests of a fungal pathogen from brazil, identified as colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz. Biology, behavior, and larval morphology of salbia. Explorations in costa rica and brazil yielded several promising natural enemies which are being evaluated now for host specificity. Ditylenchus drepanocercus rediscovered in the neotropics causing angular leaf spots on miconia calvescens. Miconia calvescens poses an extremely high threat to natural species in those areas which it invades. Introduction introduced alien species that persist and spread in their new environment offer ideal situations to investigate such basic. Lepidopterans as potential agents for the biological control. Classical biological control of weeds via the introduction of natural enemies from the native. Biological invasions, invasive species, issrs, genetic diversity, miconia calvescens, microsatellites. Interpreting lifehistory traits of miconia miconia. Miconia calvescens dc, herein miconia, is a diploid 2n 32 member of the melastomataceae with a neotropic native range extending 40 of latitude from southern mexico to northern argentina and southern. Proceedings of the first regional conference on miconia control august 2629, 1997 4 epidemiology of the invasion by miconia calvescens and reasons for a spectacular success.
Photographic documentation of natural enemies of miconia calvescens melastomataceae found in central and south america between july 1993 and september 1995. More than 60 species of arthropods were found associated with miconia calvescens at two brazilian sites in. Biological control of miconia calvescens with a suite of insect herbivores from. Classical biological control aims to actively manage threats that cause immense losses in biological diversity.
Ditylenchus drepanocercus nematoda, a potential biological control agent for miconia calvescens melastomataceae. Evidence for inhibition of a fungal biocontrol agent by a plant. Using a historical spatiotemporal data set, we constructed a leptokurtic dispersal kernel with 99% of progeny confined to within 549 m of the nearest maternal source and the remaining 1% dispersed out to 1,636 m. During searches for pathogens to be used as classical biocontrol agents for miconia calvescens velvet tree. Pca alien plant working group velvet tree miconia calvescens. Genetic diversity and structure of the invasive tree miconia. Survival patterns under costa rican field conditions of the gregarious caterpillar euselasia chrysippe lepidoptera.
Biocontrol, the introduction of organisms to control an unwanted species, has been cited as a powerful method to manage the invasive species miconia calvescens in hawaii. The biocontrol agent introduced to control the invasive plant miconia in tahiti has allowed the regeneration and recovery of an endemic endangered plant species. Fungal pathogens of miconia calvescens melastomataceae from brazil, with reference to classical biological control article pdf available in mycologia 991. Miconia calvescens is a small tree native to rainforests of tropical america where it primarily invades treefall gaps and is uncommon. Miconia miconia calvescens dc was introduced to the east maui watershed emw a halfcentury ago with more than 25 yr of management recorded. Search for biological control of miconia calvescens images of natural enemies of miconia found in central and south america are from a 19931995 hawaii department of agriculture search for biocontrol agents. Research at the university of costa rica on potential biological control agents of miconia calvescens was initiated in 2000. Lepidopterans as potential agents for the biological. The story of a scientifically and socially successful biological control program in tahiti, french polynesia j. Evaluation of colletotrichum gloeosporioides for biological. Biological control section, plant pest control branch, hawaii department of agriculture. Euselasia chrysippe as a potential biocontrol for miconia calvescens.
Biological control of miconia calvescens with a suite of insect herbivores from costa rica and brazil f. Melastomataceae is a severe weed found in rainforest ecosystems on oceanic islands, including french polynesia, hawaii and new caledonia, and. Strategy to control the invasive alien tree miconia. Fungal pathogens of miconia calvescens melastomataceae from. Biological control is considered an essential tool for long term management of m. Biology, behavior, and larval morphology of salbia lotanalis. Dec 01, 2010 the introduced plant miconia calvescens melastomataceae poses a grave threat to hawaiis native ecosystems and biodiversity. In addition to ecological advantages, biocontrol is often regarded as less. Miconia calvescens melastomataceae is a notorious plant invader in the tropical. Genetic diversity and structure of the invasive tree. Forest pest biological control program in hawaii semantic scholar. They are produced abundantly in fungal fruiting structures and each is capable of causing an. Insects that feed on miconia calvescens in costa rica.
Ditylenchus drepanocercus rediscovered in the neotropics. We map the current and future populations of an invasive species, miconia calvescens, on oahu, hawaii, and the potential damages to water quantity, quality, and endangeredspecies habitat, and weigh these against treatment costs. Biological control of miconia calvescens by phytophagous. Biological control of miconia calvescens by phytophagous arthropods. A prominent feature of the leaves is the three prominent longitudinal veins. Miconia has been introduced to relatively few tropical islands in the paci. Psyllidae has been proposed as a candidate biological control agent for miconia calvescens melastomataceae, a neotropical tree regarded as one of the worst threats to the rainforest ecosystems of several pacific islands. Pacific cooperative studies unit, university of hawaii at manoa, department of botany. Miconia calvescens melastomataceae, from the neotropics, is a noxious forest weed in hawaii. Argidae as a biological control agent of miconia was evaluated in field and laboratory studies in its native range in. Each affected island has an invasive species committee made up of representatives from each of the appropriate agencies and organizations on. Proceedings of a workshop on biological control of invasive plants in. A twoweek survey was conducted in august 2006, in the state of chiapas, mexico, to locate populations of miconia calvescens and to identify insect and other natural enemy species present on it that might have potential as biological control agents.
Burnett, kimberly kaiser, brooks and roumasset, james 2007. We find that optimal densities vary from approximately 1% to 18% cover throughout the island. More than 60 species of arthropods were found associated with miconia calvescens at two brazilian sites in a oneyear survey for potential biological control. Melastomataceae is an invasive tree considered the most serious threat to the natural ecosystems of hawaii and other pacific. Miconia is now considered one of the most destructive invaders in insular tropical rain forest habitats in its introduced range. The search for natural enemies of miconia calvescens has been underway since 1993, when. Lepidopterans as potential agents for the biological control of the invasive plant, miconia calvescens elisangela g. The potential for using the defoliator antiblemma leucocyma lepidoptera. Pdf an economic assessment of biological control for. Melastomataceae is an invasive tree considered the most serious threat to the natural ecosystems of hawaii and other pacific islands. The introduction of a biological control agent colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. A large number of potential biological control agents for miconia calvescens have been collected and are illustrated on a series of pages linked below.
858 1454 1455 1372 184 693 1424 858 707 825 102 859 1421 1679 340 1030 518 1422 767 9 1551 1226 1243 365 701 1227 1467 924 1359 1494 789 834 1090