The red terror in russia by sergey petrovich melgounov. Petersburg in 1918 was explained away as those executed. The then current famine raging throughout russia would have, as a result of the executions, less mouths to feed. Though america would never have accepted outright communist revolution, it is now adopting measures accurately termed socialism. Terrorism, in the modern sense, means violence against civilians to achieve political or ideological objectives by creating extreme fear terrorism was an important tool used by marxist revolutionaries in the early 20th century to disrupt the social, political, and economic system and enable rebels to bring. The great war week by week 100 years later s5 e36 red terror in soviet russia i the great war week 215 duration. In 1917 several decades of institutional decay, chronic mismanagement, rising political awareness, and a terrible war caused the tsarist regime in russia to be confronted by such a large rebellion, including the loss of the militarys loyalty, that two parallel regimes were able to take power in russia. Petersburg in 1918 was explained away as those executed were enemies of the state or enemies of the revolution. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone.
Russia russia the civil war and war communism 191821. The red terror in russia by serge petrovich melgunov. In october 1920, the bolsheviks controlled no more than the city of tambov and a few provincial urban. Then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer no kindle device required. In 1974, an array of ethiopian opposition groups, most from the political left, overthrew emperor haile salessie. There was no doubting that trotskys organisation and leadership of the red army was the major factor in the survival of bolshevik russia. Terrorism in russia has a long history starting from the time of the russian empire. Introduction atrocities fatalities ending coding works cited notes.
Reading all about it from the very outset of the revolution, the bolsheviks faced armed opposition from their opponents of varying political hue, and by the summer of 1918 they. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Media in category red terror the following 19 files are in this category, out of 19 total. This civil war is often said to have started in 1918, but bitter fighting began in 1917.
How the red terror exposed the true turmoil of soviet russia 100 years ago how the red terror exposed the true turmoil of soviet russia 100 years ago allied soldiers and sailors in. Executed by the bolshevik commune, poltava, siberia nara 31478038. In countries where personal freedom renders honest, sincere political controversy possible. From the final years of the last tsars of russia to the establishment of the communist party, learn more about the key events of the russian revolution. There was no obvious government body that could hold back the work of the cheka. This essay reexamines white and red terror during the russian civil war by studying public participation in the acts of political violence. The russian civil war did not necessarily end with the defeat of the whites.
Asked in history of russia, joseph stalin, totalitarianism. The red terror was carried out in postrevolutionary russia by the cheka headed by felix dzerzhinsky along with units of the red army. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. The bolsheviks found that this principle applied to themselves after october, when they expected to disengage quickly from world war i. A strong supporter of vladimir lenin, he was named in december 1917 as. The pretext was a nearly successful attempt on the life of lenin by a socialist revolutionary, fannie kaplan. Retracing the red terror in soviet russia brandscovery. One side can start a war, but it takes two to end one. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free kindle app. The red terror in soviet russia was justified in the soviet historiography as a wartime. There followed the decree on red terror, issued on 5 september 1918 by the cheka. His grand army was cut to pieces on the long march out of russia.
After an almost successful attempt on lenins live, the tscheka under felix dzerzhinsky responds with a terror campaign to consolidate soviet power through f. Leonid krasin, the peoples commissar for transport, wrote to his wife about his disagreement with the red terror. Lenin on the kulaks august 11,1918 81 war communism. The assassin was fanya kaplan, a disgruntled socialist whose political party had been. Red terror in soviet russia i the great war week 215 youtube. In august 1918, a woman shot and nearly killed soviet leader vladimir lenin as he toured a factory in moscow. Cheka agents targeted any individual or group considered a threat to bolshevik rule or policies. The assassin was fanya kaplan, a disgruntled socialist whose political party had been banned earlier that year by lenins bolshevik communists. In this lesson, we will be learning about another reign of terror. What was the outcome of red terror in russia answers. Of some limited value to experts on the russian revolution are the portraits of the. Dzerzhinsky and the cheka this wave of statesanctioned political violence was mostly carried out by the cheka and its fanatical leader, felix dzerzhinsky. Although hard to read because of the nature of the translation, it still is a revealing account of those times.
Aboriginal, torres strait islander and other first nations people are advised that this catalogue contains names, recordings and images of deceased people and other content that may be culturally sensitive. The executive of the narodnaya volya, or party of popular freedom. The party would further be able to solidify thier foundations without overt concern about anarchists and left sr types after the red terror, there were no more political opponents of lenin and his gang. As soon as he recovered from what could have been fatal wounds, lenin ordered the cheka to carry out mass executions read more.
The great purge, also known as the great terror, was a brutal political campaign led by soviet dictator joseph stalin to eliminate dissenting members of the. Dzerzhinsky could simply explain the organisations work. Melgunov red terror in russia 19181923 public domain english translation by terri fabre. Decree on nationalization of largescale industry june 28. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Enemy activities arrests of alien enemies bolsheviks in russia body exhumed by the american red cross for the purpose of identification. Military leaders involved in the revolution quickly sought to consolidate their powerthey abolished the monarchy and began eliminating political competitors. The red terror was a period of political repression and mass killings carried out by bolsheviks.
Melgunoff, a prominent russian historian, the record of the red terror, current history new york, 27. After the assassination attempt, the cheka instituted a period known as the red terror, a campaign of mass executions against supporters of the czarist regime, russia s upper classes and any. Although most of the war was over by 1920, it took until 1922 for the bolsheviks, who held the industrial heartland of russia from the start, to crush all opposition. Under antonov, the native movement in the tambov region had a military organization, an information network, and a political program, that lent it strength and unity, things that no other homeland movement with the possible exception of the makhnovist movement possessed. In september 1918 the soviet commissar for the interior, grigori petrovski, sent the following communication to local cheka units, ordering the expansion of the red terror. If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support. The russian revolution timeline the british library. Red terror, white terror, 19171922 history of terror. Dzerzhinsky had a key role in the october revolution of 1917 that swept the bolsheviks to power in russia. On 15 october, the leading chekist gleb bokii, summing up the officially ended red terror, reported that in petrograd 800 alleged enemies had been shot and another 6,229 imprisoned.
The red terror in russia introduction in countries where personal freedom renders honest, sincere political controversy possible. In october 1920, the bolsheviks controlled no more than the city of tambov and a few. Russia s october revolution of 1917 produced a civil war between the bolshevik government and a number of rebel armies. About 600 to 700 persons were shot in moscow and petrograd, nine. Russias red revolutionary and white terror, 19171921. A documentary history of communism in russia from lenin to gorbachev edited by \ robert v. In february 1918 soviet russia adopted the gregorian calendar which was already being used across western europe. Could americans experience a modernized red terror.
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